MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTER AND MORPHOLOGY OF ABALONE Haliotis squamata REEVE 1864 IN COASTAL SOUTHERN JAVA AND BALI KARAKTER MORFOMETRIK DAN MORFOLOGI ABALON Haliotis squamata Reeve 1846 DI PESISIR SELATAN JAWA

The standard of measurement of abalone is very important because it can help to identify accurately abalone shellfish based on shell morphology. This research was aimed to examine the truss morphometric and morphologycal characters of Haliotis squamata intraspecies in the southern coastal Java and Bali. The research was conducted from December 2014 to August 2016. Abalone was collected based on the purposive sampling method, it was then identified. The shellfish of abalone was measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that PCA was able to separate Haliotis squamata populations from Java and Bali using combination of PCIII and PCIV based on the factor coefficient values. The key characters that separated Haliotis squamata from the population of Java and Bali were the combination of characters BF (0.535) for PCIII and characters CH (0.522) for PCIV. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that Bali was the highest sharing component value (100%) of intra population and also the lowest sharing component of inter population (0%). The highest percentage of similarity was 99.91% that indicated the population of Binuangeun and Pangandaran, while the lowest was 99.31% for the population of Banyuwangi and Bali. The morphological characteristics of Haliotis squamata species in several locations showed specific characters such as color patterns, textures and shapes.

In general, identification of abalone based on the morphology of the shell by observed at the color or pattern of colors, shapes, and textures. (Dharma, 1988;Soelistyowati et al., 2013). The morphological character of the shell can be used as a guide for general species identification (Chiu et al., 2002). Some abalone morphometric studies that have been carried out include H. cracherodii species on the coast of Laguna, California (Tissot, 1988), H. iris species in New Zealand (Mcshane et al., 1994), H. squamata species in Maluku, Indonesia (Uneputtya and Tala, 2011). Previous research shows a lack of character measurement points. Thus there is no consistency in measuring specific morphometric characters.
The standard of measurement in the identification of abalone is very important because it can help identification based on shell morphology accurately. One way to determine the measurement standard is the morphometric truss method. Strauss and Bookstein (1982) states that the morphometric truss method can help describe character shapes (patterns) precisely by comparing the size of the morphological parts between species/populations. In this study, morphometric truss design was carried out to describe sketches or patterns in finding the relationship of line dimensions on abalone shells. Character measurements carried out in this study are based on length and width, as well the sides produced from lines connecting points obtained from lines of length and width.
Scientific information about the characteristics of morphometric and morphological truss in H. squamata species has never been done in the Southern Coastal of Java and Bali, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of morphometric truss and morphology of intraspecies H. squamata as a standard reference in abalone measurements in Indonesia.

Time and Place of Research
The research was conducted from December 2014 to August 2016. Abalone sample collection from Banten Province, West Java Province, East Java Province, and Bali Province. The Bali sample collection is derived from the collaboration of Institute for Mariculture Research and Fishes Extension (IMRAFE) (Figure 1). Morphological analysis of abalone shells was conducted at the Laboratory of Biosystematics and Animal Ecology of Department Biology, Bogor Agricultural University.

Sampling and Identification
Abalone sampling was carried out based on the purposive sampling method. The total sample collected was 260 individuals with each sample: Banten (n = 182), West Java (n = 59), East Java (n = 9), and Bali (n = 10) (Table 1). Identify samples using the book Identification key shell II (Dharma, 1988 Table  2). Morphometric characters in each abalone individual are divided by the standard length (SL) and are expressed as data on morphometric ratios.

Data Analysis
Morphometric ratio data were analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method which aims to separate the population based on strong characters/differentiating keys on the intraspecies, analysis using Minitab 16 software. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted to determine the percentage value of sharing components between locations analyzed using SPSS 16. Cluster analysis using linkate method average was conducted to determine the similarity index between populations compared to using Minitab 16 software. PC combination is done to get the best PC combination results. Characters with an absolute value of a factor of 0.3% are combined to find the best character (Gustiano et al., 2004). The best PC combination will be carried out scatter plots to obtain character combinations that separate the H. squamata species from four locations.

Analysis Based on PCA
The identification of abalone morphology found in several provinces in the waters of South Java and Bali are species of H. squamata. Result data on measurements of morphometric characters (Table 3), after being analyzed by PCA showed that the combination of PCIII and PCIV is a combination that can separate H. squmata populations from waters southern of Java and Bali ( Figure 3; Table 4).  Table 4).
The best combination of characters that separates H. squamata from Java and Bali include characters (11)

Component Sharing Value
The percentage of the sharing component in the population of H. squamata show that the population from Bali has the highest value is 100%, compared to the population of West Java 84.9%, Banten 77.2%, and East Java 55.6% (Table 5). the percentage sharing component value that lowest of between population is 0% for the Bali population with other populations.

Cluster Analysis
The

Morphological Description
The morphological characteristics of H. squamata found in this study show body characteristics, epipodium and black tentacles with white spots (Figure 6a), then the portion of the leg muscle is yellow with the shell covered (Figure 6b). The characteristics of H. squamata shell are oval with a thick texture, rough and wavy outer surface (Figure 6c). The surface of the inner wall is coated by nacre (Figure 6d). The outer surface of the shell is greenish-brown in color with a round and slightly protruding hole structure. The number of open shell holes is eight. The morphology of the shell observed in the abalone population included the thickness of the shell, color, and style (Table 6).

Discussion
A total of 260 individuals were analyzed from four locations (Banten, West Java, East Java, and Bali). The results from 16 characters measured show that combined of PCIII and PCIV can separate the Java and Bali populations. Characters that show a factor value of 0.3-0.5 are characters suspected of having a role in the separation of the population Java and Bali. There are four characters from the PCIII component and seven characters from the PCIV component. The combination of characters BF (0.535) for PCIII and characters CH (0.522) for PCIV are key characters that describe the separation of Java and Bali populations. Gustiano et al. (2004) reported that the coefficient value of the results of PCA analysis in the genus of pangasius showed a group separation between these species. McShane et al. (1994) reported that variations in the length shells of H. iris were influenced by habitats that were unprotected and protected by waves. Yokoyama and Amaral (2010) also reported that morphometric variations between populations could be influenced by several factors such as differences in shell size and age differences. The availability of food resources and environmental parameters play an important role in the growth rate of gastropods (Yokoyama and Amaral, 2010). Burhanis et al. (2018) reported that the topography of the waters had an effect on the distribution of the size of the type of yellowfin tuna in the waters of Simeulue. Factors of environmental conditions and genetic greatly influence changes in the morphological characteristics of both populations from Java and Bali. In Indonesia, famous for two currents: seasonallyreversing current and Cross-Indonesian Flow (Wyrtki, 1961). Both currents are thought to have an important role in the spread of H. squamata abalone in Indonesian waters. Miyake et al. (2011) reported that the distribution of abalone planktonic larvae depends on the abalone period, which is divided into two types, namely the flow type and the settling type near the spawning area. Thus, the morphological characters that separate the two populations are thought to be characters that experience adaptation to the environment.
The highest share component in the population is 100% for the Bali population, while among the lowest intrapopulation is 0% for Bali population and other populations.The value of the uniformity of the shell size of Bali population shows no measurable mixing with the Java population. This high uniformity in the Bali population is suspected because the Bali population was geographically separated from the Java population. Soewardi (2006) revealed that the value of similarity in body size provides an explanation of measured mixing between populations one with another population. Radona et al. (2016) reported that in Java tengadak fish populations male and female Barbonymus schwanenfeldii had a uniformity index higher than Kalimantan and Sumatra based on canonical discriminant. Morphological characters can be influenced by the adaptation and selection of a population to changes in environmental conditions (Soewardi, 2007). Thus the high phenotypic character diversity in the Bali population is thought to be due to an interaction between environmental. Wang et al. (2004) revealed that environmental conditions, genetic factors, and genetic and environmental interactions can influence differences in phenotypes. The high similarity of the population of Binuangeun and Pangandaran is suspected because the two populations still have similar environmental conditions, so the carrying capacity for the development of the two populations tends to be uniform. In contrast, the Alas purwo and Bali populations show the lowest similarity.
Characteristics of shell in the abalone morphology of the population Banten and West Java have thick characteristics, of the population East Java with thin shell thick and the Bali population with medium shell thick, this character is specific to each location. The there of distinctive characteristics of the shell morphology are thought to be due to environmental factors such as availability of feed, water temperature, and habitat conditions (McShane et al., 1988;Wang et al., 2004). Liu et al. (2009) found the effect of macroalgae on variations in the shell color pattern of abalone H. discus hannai.
The morphometric truss research on the topic of H. squamata from various locations is one of the breakthroughs and innovations that have never been carried out systematically. Identification using the morphometric truss method in this study has found the character (distinguishing) or differentiating intrapopulation of abalone H. squamata. Thus these distinguishing characters can be used as a basis in identifying abalone species.

IV. CONCLUSION
The characters that separate the Java and Bali population groups are four characters from the PCIII component and seven characters from the PCIV component. High uniformity in the population was found in the Bali population, whereas intrapopulation showed low uniformity in the Bali population with other populations. The highest percentage of similarity between populations was the population of H. squamata from Banten and the population of H. squamata from West Java followed by the East Java population and Bali population. The morphological characteristics of H. squamata species at several locations showed specific characteristics of the shell thickness.